VACCINATIONS
Malaysia Immunization schedule 马来西亚免疫程序
| Vaccine | Disease |
|---|---|
| BCG |
Tuberculosis (TB) – contagious and fatal, which could result in lung damage, TB meningitis and bone disease. - 具有传染性和致命性，可能导致肺部损伤，结核性脑膜炎和骨骼疾病。 |
|
HepatitisB |
Hepatitis B – a viral infection that can lead to jaundice or liver cancer, spread through sexual contact, blood transfusion. 通过性接触，输血传播的可导致黄疸或肝癌的病毒感染。 |
| DTaP |
Diphtheria – causes the obstruction of the airway and can lead to heart and brain damage. 引起气道阻塞并可能导致心脏和大脑损伤
Tetanus (Lockjaw) – severe muscle spasm that can lead to death. |
| Polio |
Poliomyelitis (Polio) – permanent muscle weakness that can cause paralysis, especially of the legs. 永久性肌肉无力，可能导致麻痹，尤其是腿部麻痹 |
| MMR |
Measles – highly contagious, characterized by fever, cough, runny nose and rashes. May be complicated by pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media (middle ear infection).具有高度传染性，以发烧，咳嗽，流鼻涕和皮疹为特征。 可能并发肺炎，脑炎，中耳炎（中耳感染）。
Mumps – Highly infectious, causes swelling of the glands behind the jaw. May result in inflammation of the testis resulting in sterility.
Rubella (German measles) – may be passed by pregnant women to their babies, resulting in congenital rubella syndrome. |
| Hib | Haemophilus influenza tybe b (Hib) – inflammation of membranes around the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), pneumonia, bronchitis, bacteraemia, ear infection, and epiglottitis.脑和脊髓周围的膜发炎（脑膜炎），肺炎，支气管炎，菌血症，耳部感染和会厌炎。 |
Gardasil 9 & Gardasil 4 子宮頸疫苗 9 & 4
Gardasil 9 子宮頸疫苗 9
GARDASIL 9 is a vaccine indicated in girls and women from 9 through 45 years of age for the prevention of cervical, vulvar, vaginal cancer, precancerous or dysplastic lesions and genital warts caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). GARDASIL 9 also provides protection in girls and women 9-26 years against anal cancer.
GARDASIL 9 is indicated to prevent the following diseases: Cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer caused by HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58; Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11.
And the following precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 and Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS); Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1; Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) grade 2 and grade 3; Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) grade 2 and grade 3; Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2, and 3.
GARDASIL 9 is indicated in boys and men from 9 through 26 years of age for the prevention of anal cancer, anal precancerous or dysplastic lesions and external genital lesions (including genital warts) caused by HPV.
GARDASIL 9 is indicated to prevent the following diseases: Anal cancer caused by HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58; Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11.
And the following precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2, and 3.
GARDASIL 9是一种针对9岁至45岁女性和女性的疫苗，可预防由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）引起的宫颈癌，外阴癌，阴道癌，癌前病变或增生性病变和生殖器疣。 GARDASIL 9还为9-26岁的女孩和女性提供了预防肛门癌的保护。
Gardasil 4 子宮頸疫苗 4
In girls and women 9-45 years for the prevention of cervical, vulvar, vaginal cancer; precancerous or dysplastic lesions and genital warts caused by HPV. Provides protection in girls and women 9-26 years against anal cancer.
Prevent the following diseases: Cervical, vulvar and vaginal, and anal cancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18; genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11; and the following precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 and cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS); cervical intraepitelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1; vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) grades 2 and 3; vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) grades 2 and 3; anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2 and 3.
In boys and men 9-26 years, for the prevention of anal cancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18 and genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by HPV types 6 and 11; precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 eg, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grades 1, 2 and 3.
在9-45岁的女孩和妇女中预防宫颈癌，外阴癌，阴道癌； HPV引起的癌前或增生性病变和生殖器疣。在9-26岁的女孩和妇女中提供预防肛门癌的保护。
Pneumococcal 肺炎球菌疫苗
Pneumococcal disease is common in young children, but older adults are at greatest risk of serious illness and death. There are two kinds of vaccines that help prevent pneumococcal disease.
The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) , which is also known as pneumococcus, causes pneumococcal disease.
Invasive pneumococcal disease is a life-threatening condition that is fatal in 10 percent of cases. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions have a higher risk than others of serious complications.
Regular vaccinations can prevent many types of pneumococcal disease and the potential complications that may arise.
Active immunisation for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F (including invasive disease, pneumonia and acute otitis media) in infants, children and adolescents from 2 months to 17 years of age.Active immunisation for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F in adults aged 18 years and older.
肺炎球菌疾病在幼儿中很常见，但老年人患严重疾病和死亡的风险最大。有两种疫苗可以帮助预防肺炎球菌疾病。
Influenza 流感疫苗
Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it's not the same as stomach ''flu'' viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting.
For most people, influenza resolves on its own. But sometimes, influenza and its complications can be deadly. People at higher risk of developing flu complications include:
- Young children under age 5, and especially those under 12 months
- Adults older than age 65
- Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
- Pregnant women and women up to two weeks postpartum
- People with weakened immune systems
- People who have chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease and diabetes
- People who are very obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher
Though the annual influenza vaccine isn't 100 percent effective, it's still your best defense against the flu.
Prevention of influenza, especially in those who run an increased risk of associated complications. The use of Influvac should be based on official recommendations. Vaccination is particularly recommended for the following categories of patients, depending on national immunization policies: Persons ≥65 years, regardless of their health condition; adults and children with chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems, including asthma; chronic metabolic diseases eg, diabetes mellitus; chronic renal dysfunction; immunodeficiencies due to disease or immunosuppressant medication (eg, cytostatics or corticosteroids) or radiotherapy; children and teenagers (6 months to 18 years) who receive long-term acetylsalicylic acid-containing medication, and might therefore be at risk for developing Reye's syndrome following an influenza infection.
This vaccine can also inject before travel for protection .
这种疫苗也可以在旅行前注射以进行保护。
Twinrix A+B 乙+甲型肝炎疫苗
Primary vaccination schedule
初次接种时间表
It is not yet fully established whether immunocompetent individuals who have responded to hepatitis A vaccination will require booster doses as protection in the absence of detectable antibodies may be ensured by immunological memory. Guidelines for boosting are based on the assumption that antibodies are required for protection; anti-HAV antibodies have been predicted to persist for at least 10 years.
In situations where a booster dose of both hepatitis A and hepatitis B are desired, Twinrix Adult can be given. Alternatively, subjects primed with Twinrix Adult may be administered a booster dose of either of the monovalent vaccines.
Hepatitis B 乙型肝炎疫苗
The need for a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy individuals who have received a full primary vaccination course has not been established; however some official vaccination programmes currently include a recommendation for a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine and these should be respected.
For some categories of subjects or patients exposed to HBV (e.g; haemodialysis or immunocompromised patients) a precautionary attitude should be considered to ensure a protective antibody level ≥ 10IU/l.
